⚠ Version 1.1 of The Plant List has been superseded and should no longer be used.

The new version is available at http://www.worldfloraonline.org. The new version is enhanced, using more data sources including Taxonomic Expert Networks and will be more frequently updated.

The genus Betula is in the family Betulaceae in the major group Angiosperms (Flowering plants).

Statistics are at the end of the page.

Species in Betula

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See "Status", "Confidence level", "Source" for definitions.

Name	Status	Confi­dence level	Source	Date supplied	Infra. rec.
Betula alajica Litv.	Accepted		WCSP	2012-03-23
Betula albosinensis Burkill	Accepted		WCSP	2012-03-23
Betula alleghaniensis Britton	Accepted		WCSP	2012-03-23
Betula alnoides Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don	Accepted		WCSP	2012-03-23
Betula × alpestris Fr.	Accepted		WCSP	2012-03-23
Betula × alpina Kindb.	Unresolved		WCSP	2012-03-23
Betula angulata Steud.	Unresolved		TRO	2012-04-18
Betula apoiensis Nakai ex H.Hara	Accepted		WCSP	2012-03-23
Betula × aschersoniana Hayek	Unresolved		WCSP	2012-03-23
Betula ashburneri McAll. & Rushforth	Accepted		WCSP	2012-03-23
Betula × aurata Borkh.	Accepted		WCSP	2012-03-23
Betula austrosichotensis V.N.Vassil. & V.I.Baranov	Accepted		WCSP	2012-03-23
Betula × avatshensis Kom.	Accepted		WCSP	2012-03-23
Betula × baicalensis Sukaczev	Unresolved		TRO	2012-04-18
Betula baschkirica Tzvelev	Accepted		WCSP	2012-03-23
Betula bomiensis P.C.Li	Accepted		WCSP	2012-03-23
Betula × borggreveana Zabel ex H.J.P.Winkl.	Unresolved		WCSP	2012-03-23
Betula borggreveana Zabel ex H. Winkl.	Unresolved		TRO	2012-04-18
Betula × bottnica Mela	Accepted		WCSP	2012-03-23
Betula browicziana Güner	Accepted		WCSP	2012-03-23
Betula × caerulea Blanch.	Accepted		WCSP	2012-03-23
Betula calcicola (W.W.Sm.) P.C.Li	Accepted		WCSP	2012-03-23
Betula callosa Lindq.	Accepted		TRO	2012-04-18
Betula camtschatica Regel	Unresolved		TRO	2012-04-18
Betula carelica Merk.	Unresolved		TRO	2012-04-18
Betula ceratoptera G.H.Liu & Y.C.Ma	Accepted		WCSP	2012-03-23
Betula chichibuensis H.Hara	Accepted		WCSP	2012-03-23
Betula chinensis Maxim.	Accepted		WCSP	2012-03-23
Betula chitralica Browicz	Accepted		WCSP	2012-03-23
Betula ciliata Steud.	Unresolved		WCSP	2012-03-23
Betula collina Nakai	Unresolved		WCSP	2012-03-23
Betula coriacea Pamp.	Unresolved		WCSP	2012-03-23
Betula coriaceifolia V.N.Vassil.	Accepted		WCSP	2012-03-23
Betula corylifolia Griff.	Unresolved		WCSP	2012-03-23
Betula corylifolia Regel & Maxim.	Accepted		WCSP	2012-03-23
Betula costata Trautv.	Accepted		WCSP	2012-03-23
Betula cryptocarpa Laest.	Unresolved		TRO	2012-04-18
Betula cyclophylla Nakai	Unresolved		WCSP	2012-03-23
Betula cylindrostachya Lindl. ex Wall.	Accepted		WCSP	2012-03-23
Betula cylindrostachys Wall. ex Diels	Unresolved		TRO	2012-04-18
Betula dahurica Pall.	Accepted		WCSP	2012-03-23
Betula darvasica Ovcz., Czukav. & Shibkova	Unresolved		WCSP	2012-03-23
Betula delavayi Franch.	Accepted		WCSP	2012-03-23
Betula divaricata Ledeb.	Accepted		WCSP	2012-03-23
Betula dolicholepis Ovcz., Czukav. & Shibkova	Accepted		WCSP	2012-03-23
Betula × dugleana Lepage	Accepted		WCSP	2012-03-23
Betula × dutillyi Lepage	Accepted		WCSP	2012-03-23
Betula × eastwoodiae Sarg.	Accepted		WCSP	2012-03-23
Betula × eastwoodiae Dugle	Unresolved		TRO	2012-04-18
Betula ermanii Cham.	Accepted		WCSP	2012-03-23	1
Betula ethmensis Raf. ex Regel	Unresolved		TRO	2012-04-18
Betula falcata V.N.Vassil.	Accepted		WCSP	2012-03-23
Betula ferganensis V.N.Vassil.	Accepted		WCSP	2012-03-23
Betula finituma Notø	Unresolved		WCSP	2012-03-23
Betula forrestii Hand.-Mazz.	Accepted		WCSP	2012-03-23
Betula fruticosa Pall.	Accepted		WCSP	2012-03-23
Betula fujianensis J.Zeng, Jian H.Li & Z.D.Chen	Accepted		WCSP	2012-03-23
Betula glabrata Wahlenb.	Unresolved		TRO	2012-04-18
Betula glaebosa Notø	Unresolved		WCSP	2012-03-23
Betula × glandulosa Berl.	Unresolved		WCSP	2012-03-23
Betula glandulosa Michx.	Accepted		WCSP	2012-03-23
Betula globispica Shirai	Accepted		WCSP	2012-03-23
Betula grossa Siebold & Zucc.	Accepted		WCSP	2012-03-23
Betula × grossii Natho	Unresolved		WCSP	2012-03-23
Betula guthriei Sudw.	Unresolved		WCSP	2012-03-23
Betula halophila Ching	Accepted		WCSP	2012-03-23
Betula × harcynica Wender.	Unresolved		WCSP	2012-03-23
Betula harcynica Wender. ex Steud.	Unresolved		TRO	2012-04-18
Betula heptopotamica V.N.Vassil.	Accepted		WCSP	2012-03-23
Betula honanensis S.Y.Wang & C.L.Chang	Accepted		WCSP	2012-03-23
Betula × hornei E.J.Butler	Accepted		WCSP	2012-03-23
Betula hornei B.T. Butler	Unresolved		TRO	2012-04-18
Betula × humilis Fr. ex Regel	Unresolved		WCSP	2012-03-23
Betula humilis Schrank	Accepted		WCSP	2012-03-23
Betula × hybrida Bechst.	Unresolved		WCSP	2012-03-23
Betula insignis Franch.	Accepted		WCSP	2012-03-23
Betula × intermedia Thomas ex Rchb.	Unresolved		WCSP	2012-03-23
Betula × jackii C.K.Schneid.	Accepted		WCSP	2012-03-23
Betula jackii C.K. Schneid.	Unresolved		TRO	2012-04-18
Betula jarmolenkoana Golosk.	Accepted		WCSP	2012-03-23
Betula jiaodongensis S.B.Liang	Accepted		WCSP	2012-03-23
Betula jinpingensis P.C.Li	Accepted		WCSP	2012-03-23
Betula jiulungensis P.C.Li ex Q.Lin	Accepted		WCSP	2012-03-23
Betula karagandensis V.N.Vassil.	Accepted		WCSP	2012-03-23
Betula kenaica W.H.Evans	Accepted		WCSP	2012-03-23
Betula kirghisorum Sawicz	Accepted		WCSP	2012-03-23
Betula klokovii Zaver.	Accepted		WCSP	2012-03-23
Betula × koehnei C.K.Schneid.	Unresolved		WCSP	2012-03-23
Betula korshinskyi Litv.	Accepted		WCSP	2012-03-23
Betula kotulae Zaver.	Accepted		WCSP	2012-03-23
Betula kunarensis Browicz	Accepted		WCSP	2012-03-23
Betula × kusmisscheffii (Regel) Sukaczev	Unresolved		WCSP	2012-03-23
Betula × lagopina Hartm. ex Regel	Unresolved		WCSP	2012-03-23
Betula lanata (Regel) V.N.Vassil.	Accepted		WCSP	2012-03-23
Betula latifolia Andrz.	Unresolved		WCSP	2012-03-23
Betula lenta L.	Accepted		WCSP	2012-03-23	1
Betula litwinowii Doluch.	Accepted		WCSP	2012-03-23
Betula luminifera H.J.P.Winkl.	Accepted		WCSP	2012-03-23
Betula margusarica V.N.Vassil.	Accepted		WCSP	2012-03-23
Betula maximowicziana Regel	Accepted		WCSP	2012-03-23
Betula media Laest.	Unresolved		TRO	2012-04-18
Betula medwedieaii Regel	Unresolved		TRO	2012-04-18
Betula medwediewii Regel	Accepted		WCSP	2012-03-23
Betula megalocarpa Laest.	Unresolved		TRO	2012-04-18
Betula megrelica Sosn.	Accepted		WCSP	2012-03-23
Betula michauxii Spach	Accepted		WCSP	2012-03-23
Betula microphylla Bunge	Accepted		WCSP	2012-03-23
Betula minor (Tuck.) Fernald	Accepted		WCSP	2012-03-23
Betula murgabica V.N.Vassil.	Accepted		WCSP	2012-03-23
Betula × murrayana B.V.Barnes & Dancik	Accepted		WCSP	2012-03-23
Betula nakaiana Tatew. & Hurus.	Unresolved		WCSP	2012-03-23
Betula nana L.	Accepted		WCSP	2012-03-23	3
Betula neoalaskana Sarg.	Accepted		WCSP	2012-03-23
Betula nigra L.	Accepted		WCSP	2012-03-23
Betula obscura Kotula	Accepted		TRO	2012-04-18
Betula occidentalis Hook.	Accepted		WCSP	2012-03-23
Betula ovalifolia Rupr.	Accepted		WCSP	2012-03-23
Betula ovczinnikovii V.N.Vassil.	Accepted		WCSP	2012-03-23
Betula oxytzowiensis Dippel	Unresolved		TRO	2012-04-18
Betula × pallescens Larss. ex Kindb.	Unresolved		WCSP	2012-03-23
Betula palmiformis Laest.	Unresolved		TRO	2012-04-18
Betula pamirica Litv.	Accepted		WCSP	2012-03-23
Betula papyrifera Marshall	Accepted		WCSP	2012-03-23	1
Betula paramushirensis Barkalov	Accepted		WCSP	2012-03-23
Betula pendula Roth	Accepted		WCSP	2012-03-23	2
Betula × piperi C.L. Hitchc.	Accepted		TRO	2012-04-18
Betula platyphylla Sukaczev	Accepted		WCSP	2012-03-23	3
Betula platyptera Kindb.	Unresolved		TRO	2012-04-18
Betula plettkei Junge	Unresolved		WCSP	2012-03-23
Betula populifolia Marshall	Accepted		WCSP	2012-03-23
Betula potamophila V.N.Vassil.	Accepted		WCSP	2012-03-23
Betula potaninii Batalin	Accepted		WCSP	2012-03-23
Betula procurva Litv.	Accepted		WCSP	2012-03-23	2
Betula psammophila V.N.Vassil.	Accepted		WCSP	2012-03-23
Betula × pseudocarpatica Simonk.	Unresolved		WCSP	2012-03-23
Betula × pseudomiddendorffii V.N. Vassil.	Unresolved		TRO	2012-04-18
Betula pubentissima V.N.Vassil.	Unresolved		WCSP	2012-03-23
Betula pubescens Ehrh.	Accepted		WCSP	2012-03-23	3
Betula pulchella Dippel	Unresolved		WCSP	2012-03-23
Betula pumila L.	Accepted		WCSP	2012-03-23
Betula × purpusii C.K.Schneid.	Accepted		WCSP	2012-03-23
Betula purpusii C.K. Schneid.	Unresolved		TRO	2012-04-18
Betula pyrolifolia V.N.Vassil.	Accepted		WCSP	2012-03-23
Betula raddeana Trautv.	Accepted		WCSP	2012-03-23
Betula × raymundii Lepage	Accepted		WCSP	2012-03-23
Betula regeliana V.N.Vassil.	Accepted		WCSP	2012-03-23
Betula resinifera Royle	Unresolved		WCSP	2012-03-23
Betula rhombifolia Nutt.	Unresolved		WCSP	2012-03-23
Betula rockii (Rehder) C.-A.Jansson	Accepted		WCSP	2012-03-23
Betula rosae H.J.P.Winkl.	Unresolved		WCSP	2012-03-23
Betula × rosendahlii Butters & Abbe	Unresolved		WCSP	2012-03-23
Betula rossica Miniaev	Unresolved		WCSP	2012-03-23
Betula rubra Regel	Unresolved		WCSP	2012-03-23
Betula ruprechtiana Trautv.	Unresolved		TRO	2012-04-18
Betula rustica Laest.	Unresolved		TRO	2012-04-18
Betula saksarensis Polozhij & A.T.Malzeva	Accepted		WCSP	2012-03-23
Betula × sandbergii Britton	Accepted		WCSP	2012-03-23
Betula sandbergii Britton	Unresolved		TRO	2012-04-18
Betula saposhnikovii Sukaczev	Accepted		WCSP	2012-03-23
Betula × sargentii Dugle	Accepted		WCSP	2012-03-23
Betula saviczii V.N.Vassil.	Accepted		WCSP	2012-03-23
Betula schmidtii Regel	Accepted		WCSP	2012-03-23
Betula × seideliana Missbach	Unresolved		WCSP	2012-03-23
Betula seravschanica V.N.Vassil.	Accepted		WCSP	2012-03-23
Betula setarioides H. Winkl.	Unresolved		TRO	2012-04-18
Betula silvatica Laest.	Unresolved		TRO	2012-04-18
Betula silvestris Laest.	Unresolved		TRO	2012-04-18
Betula songarica Regel	Unresolved		TRO	2012-04-18
Betula subaequalis Laest.	Unresolved		TRO	2012-04-18
Betula subalpina Laest.	Unresolved		TRO	2012-04-18
Betula × subtricholepidea Kindb.	Unresolved		WCSP	2012-03-23
Betula × sukaczevii Soczeva	Unresolved		TRO	2012-04-18
Betula × sukatschewii Soczava	Unresolved		WCSP	2012-03-23
Betula sunanensis Y.J.Zhang	Accepted		WCSP	2012-03-23
Betula szechuanica (C.K.Schneid.) C.-A.Jansson	Accepted		WCSP	2012-03-23
Betula tadzhikistanica V.N.Vassil.	Accepted		WCSP	2012-03-23
Betula tianschanica Rupr.	Accepted		WCSP	2012-03-23
Betula tilliifolia Laest.	Unresolved		TRO	2012-04-18
Betula transsilvanica Schur	Unresolved		WCSP	2012-03-23
Betula triphylla Thunb.	Unresolved		WCSP	2012-03-23
Betula turkestanica Litv.	Accepted		WCSP	2012-03-23
Betula tuturinii V.N.Vassil.	Accepted		WCSP	2012-03-23
Betula × uliginosa Dugle	Accepted		WCSP	2012-03-23
Betula × utahensis Britton	Accepted		WCSP	2012-03-23
Betula × utahensis Dugle	Unresolved		TRO	2012-04-18
Betula utilis D.Don	Accepted		WCSP	2012-03-23	2
Betula × vologdensis Tzvelev	Accepted		WCSP	2012-03-23
Betula vulcani H.Lév. & Vaniot	Unresolved		WCSP	2012-03-23
Betula × winteri Dugle	Accepted		WCSP	2012-03-23
Betula wuyiensis J.B.Xiao	Accepted		WCSP	2012-03-23
Betula × zimpelii Junge	Accepted		WCSP	2012-03-23
Betula zinserlingii V.N.Vassil.	Accepted		WCSP	2012-03-23

Statistics

The Plant List includes 468 scientific plant names of species rank for the genus Betula. Of these 119 are accepted species names.

The Plant List includes a further 486 scientific plant names of infraspecific rank for the genus Betula. We do not intend The Plant List to be complete for names of infraspecific rank. These are primarily included because names of species rank are synonyms of accepted infraspecific names.

Species names

The status of the 468 species names for the genus Betula recorded in The Plant List, are as follows:

	Status	Total
◕	Accepted	119	25.4%
◕	Synonym	275	58.8%
◕	Unplaced	0	0%
◕	Unassessed	74	15.8%

All names

The status of the 954 names (including infraspecific names) for the genus Betula recorded in The Plant List, are as follows:

	Status	Total
◕	Accepted	136	14.3%
◕	Synonym	742	77.8%
◕	Unplaced	0	0%
◕	Unassessed	76	8.0%

Of the species names,

• 16 are recorded as invalid
• 25 are recorded as illegitimate
• 2 are recorded as a spelling variant

The confidence with which the status of the 468 species names recorded in The Plant List for the genus Betula, are assigned as follows:

	Confidence level	Accepted	Synonym	Unplaced	Unassessed	Total
	High confidence	116	263	0	0	379	81.0%
	Medium confidence	3	10	0	0	13	2.8%
	Low confidence	0	2	0	74	76	16.2%

The source of the species name records found in The Plant List for the genus Betula is as follows: